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  Inorganic Chemistry

PREPARATION OF NITRIC ACID (HNO3) :

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HNO3 is called aqua fortis. It is prepared in the laboratory by distillation of nitre with conc.H2SO4 .

2NaNO3 + H2SO4 ———→ 2HNO3 + Na2SO4.

Commercially, it is obtained by Ostwald’s process. In this process, NH3 is first catalytically oxidized to NO which is cooled to about 300K and then oxidized by air to NO2 . Absorption of NO2 in water in presence of oxygen gives HNO3

Pt.1975K
4NH3 + 5O2 ———→ 4NO + 6H2O

2NO + O2 2NO2 ; 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 ———→ 4HNO3

From air (Birkeland Eyde electric arc process)

N2 + O2 2NO ; Hfo = +135kj mol-1

50oC
2NO+ O2 ———→ 2NO2

2NO2 + H2O ——→ HNO2 + HNO3

3HNO2 ——→ HNO3 + H2O + 2NO


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