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  Inorganic Chemistry

Chemical Properties of sodium hydroxide :

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(White crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, It is only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

(a) Reaction with salt :

FeCl3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 ↓ + 3NaCl
                                 (Insoluble hydroxide)
HgCl2 + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Hg(OH)2 → H2O + HgO ↓
                                                        unstable                     yellow

AgNO3 + 2NaOH → 2NaNO3 + 2AgOH → Ag2O ↓ H2O

                                                                                     Brown

Zn, Al, Sb, Pb, Sn and As forms insoluble hydroxide which dissolve in excess of NaOH (amphoteric hydroxide).

heat                      NH4Cl + NaOH —————→ NaCl + NH3 ↑ + H2O

(b) Reaction with halogens :

X2 + 2NaOH (cold) → NaX + NaXO + H2O

                                                     sod. hypohalite

3X2 + 6NaOH (hot) → 5NaX + NaXO3 + 3H2O ; (X = Cl, Br, I)
                                                              (Sod. halate)

(c) Reaction with metals : Weakly electropositive metals like Zn, Al and Sn etc.

Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2 ↑

(d) Reaction with sand, SiO2 :

2NaOH + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + H2O
                          Sod. silicate (glass)

(e) Reaction with CO:

                          150–200oC
NaOH + CO ———————→ HCOONa
                        5–10 atm

NaOH breaks down the proteins of the skin flesh to a pasty mass, therefore it is commonly known as caustic soda.

 

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