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  Inorganic Chemistry

Formation of carbonates and sulfates by alkali metals :

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Carbonates

(i) The carbonates (M2CO3) & bicarbonates (MHCO3) are highly stable to heat, where M stands for alkali metals.

(ii) The stability of these salts increases with the increasing electropositive character from Li to Cs. It is therefore Li2CO3 decompose on heating, Li2CO3 → Li2O+CO2

                                                                                                                           300oC

(iii) Bicarbonates are decomposed at relatively low temperature, 2MHCO3 ————→ M2CO3 + H2O + CO2

(iv) Both carbonates and bicarbonates are soluble in water to give alkaline solution due to hydrolysis of carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions.

Sulfates

(i) Alkali metals’ sulfate have the formula M2SO4 .

(ii) Except Li2SO4, rest all are soluble in water.

(iii) These sulfates on fusing with carbon form sulfides, M2SO4 + 4C → M2S + 4CO

(iv) The sulfates of alkali metals (except Li) form double salts with the sulfate of the trivalent metals like Fe, Al, Cr etc. The double sulfates crystallize with large number of water molecules as alum. e.g. K2SO4 . Al2 (SO4)3. 24 H2O.

 

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