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  Inorganic Chemistry

ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF CARBON

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Carbon is found differ in many properties from the rest of the members of group 14. This is because of the following : (i) Its smallest size (ii) Its high electronegativity (iii) Its property to catenate (iv) Absence of d-orbitals in it.

Some of the properties in which it differs from other members are,
(1) The melting and boiling points of carbon are very high as compared to the rest to the members of the family.

(2) Carbon in its diamond form is one of the hardest substance known.

(3) It has maximum tendency to show catenation
(4) Carbon has high tendency to form Pπ– Pπ multiple bonds with other elements like nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur etc. Other members of the family form Pπ– dπ bonds and that also to a lesser extent.

(5) CO2 is a gas while the dioxides of all other members are solids.

(6) Carbon is not affected by alkalies whereas other members react on fusion. For example, silicon form silicates, Si + 2NaOH + 1/2 O2 —> Na2SiO3 + H2. .

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